Saturn is the only planet of the Solar System that is less dense than water-about 30% less. However, the equatorial escape velocity of nearly 36 km/s is much higher than that of Earth. The combination of the bulge and rotation rate means that the effective surface gravity along the equator, 8.96 m/s 2, is 74% of what it is at the poles and is lower than the surface gravity of Earth. Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune, the other giant planets in the Solar System, are also oblate but to a lesser extent. Its equatorial and polar radii differ by almost 10%: 60,268 km versus 54,364 km. Saturn's rotation causes it to have the shape of an oblate spheroid that is, it is flattened at the poles and bulges at its equator. It lacks a definite surface, though it is likely to have a solid core. Saturn is a gas giant composed predominantly of hydrogen and helium. The Romans named the seventh day of the week Saturday, Sāturni diēs ("Saturn's Day"), for the planet Saturn. It later came to look like a lower-case Greek eta, with the cross added at the top in the 16th century to Christianize this pagan symbol. Its astronomical symbol ( ) has been traced back to the Greek Oxyrhynchus Papyri, where it can be seen to be a Greek kappa- rho with a horizontal stroke, as an abbreviation for Κρονος ( Cronus), the Greek name for the planet ( ). Saturn is named after the Roman god of wealth and agriculture and father of Jupiter. Titan, Saturn's largest moon and the second largest in the Solar System, is larger (while less massive) than the planet Mercury and is the only moon in the Solar System to have a substantial atmosphere. At least 83 moons are known to orbit Saturn, of which 53 are officially named this does not include the hundreds of moonlets in its rings. The planet's most notable feature is its prominent ring system, which is composed mainly of ice particles, with a smaller amount of rocky debris and dust. Wind speeds on Saturn can reach 1,800 kilometres per hour (1,100 miles per hour), higher than on Jupiter but not as high as on Neptune. The outer atmosphere is generally bland and lacking in contrast, although long-lived features can appear. Saturn's magnetic field strength is around one-twentieth of Jupiter's. An electrical current within the metallic hydrogen layer is thought to give rise to Saturn's planetary magnetic field, which is weaker than Earth's, but which has a magnetic moment 580 times that of Earth due to Saturn's larger size. Saturn has a pale yellow hue due to ammonia crystals in its upper atmosphere. Saturn's interior is most likely composed of a rocky core, surrounded by a deep layer of metallic hydrogen, an intermediate layer of liquid hydrogen and liquid helium, and finally, a gaseous outer layer. It has only one-eighth the average density of Earth, but is over 95 times more massive.
It is a gas giant with an average radius of about nine and a half times that of Earth.
Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter.
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